Articles and updates on corneal disease, cataract surgery, refractive procedures and eye health.
An evidence-based guide to IOL power calculation formulas, covering Barrett Universal II, Kane, EVO 2.0 and Hill-RBF, post-LASIK and post-PRK biometry, total keratometry, and IOL formula selection in keratoconus.
An evidence-based review of refractive lens exchange outcomes comparing myopes and hyperopes, covering retinal detachment risk, PVD assessment, PCO rates, and patient satisfaction, with full literature citations.
An evidence-based guide to how pupil size affects intraocular lens performance, covering mesopic pupil measurement, Pentacam 3D assessment, dysphotopsia risk with trifocal and EDOF lenses, and IOL selection by pupil size band.
A detailed evidence-based guide to pseudophakic cystoid macular oedema (Irvine-Gass syndrome) after cataract surgery, covering incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, stepwise treatment, prognosis, and prevention.
Nuclear sclerosis is the most common age-related cataract. Covers its causes, symptoms including second sight, LOCS III grading, how it differs from other cataract types, and when surgery is needed.
An honest evidence-based comparison of SLT laser and iStent as minimally invasive, drop-free first-line options for managing open angle glaucoma, including IOP reduction data, success rates, and how each compares with and without cataract surgery.
Treating dry eye before cataract surgery improves biometry accuracy and surgical outcomes. Covers hot compresses, lid scrubs, preservative-free artificial tears, omega-3 supplementation, in-office meibomian gland expression, and when to consider LLLT and IPL.
The Light Adjustable Lens allows fine-tuning of your vision after cataract surgery using UV light treatments in the clinic. Covers the technology, FDA trial evidence, UV glasses requirement, Australian availability, TGA and Prostheses List status, and who is most likely to benefit.
A detailed evidence-based guide to LLLT and IPL treatment for dry eye before cataract surgery, covering why cataract surgery worsens dry eye, how dry eye compromises biometry and IOL calculations, treatment timing, and when to repeat therapy.
A detailed guide to cataract surgery in patients with age-related macular degeneration, covering visual expectations by AMD severity, IOL selection, effects of surgery on the macula, and recommendations for optimising outcomes.
A detailed evidence-based guide to cataract surgery in patients with glaucoma, covering IOP-lowering outcomes by glaucoma subtype, IOL selection, the effect of long-term drops on biometry, occludable angles, and primary angle closure disease.
A detailed evidence-based guide to cataract surgery in patients with diabetes, covering glycaemic management on the day of surgery, visual outcomes by retinopathy stage, diabetic macular oedema, proliferative retinopathy, IOL selection, and postoperative monitoring.
An evidence-based guide to driving, sport, swimming, and exertion after cataract surgery, including why the period between first and second eye surgery needs extra care.
A comparison of the Rayner RayOne Galaxy non-diffractive spiral IOL and Alcon PanOptix trifocal IOL, covering optical design differences, evidence maturity, implantation scale, and dysphotopsia profiles as of mid-2026.
A complete patient guide to LASIK covering preparation, what happens during the procedure, postoperative drops, vision recovery timeline, time off work, and risks.
A complete patient guide to PRK (photorefractive keratectomy) covering preparation, what happens during the procedure, mitomycin-C, pain management, postoperative drops, vision recovery, and risks.
A complete patient guide to corneal crosslinking (CXL) covering preparation, what happens during the procedure, postoperative pain management, antibiotic and steroid drops, vision recovery timeline, and risks.
The Clareon PanOptix Pro replaces the original PanOptix with ENLIGHTEN NXT technology, improving light utilisation from 88 to 94 percent. Dr Ross MacIntyre compares the two platforms, grades the current evidence honestly, and explains patient selection.
Blurry vision returning months or years after cataract surgery is usually caused by posterior capsule opacification. Learn what it is, how it is treated with YAG laser capsulotomy, and what to expect.
A detailed clinical analysis of full range of vision intraocular lenses available in Australia in 2026, comparing trifocal and hybrid multifocal-EDOF lenses on visual acuity outcomes, contrast sensitivity, and dysphotopsia profiles.
A complete guide to premium intraocular lenses available in Australia in 2026, including multifocal, EDOF, enhanced monofocal, and trifocal IOLs. For patients and optometrists.
A guide to cataract surgery in Melbourne covering what the procedure involves, how to evaluate a surgeon, what questions to ask at your consultation, and what to expect before, during, and after surgery.
Medicare pays a rebate toward the surgeon's fee for cataract surgery in Australia but does not cover the hospital facility fee, anaesthetist's fee, or premium intraocular lenses. This guide explains what each component costs and how to get a clear picture before committing.
Most cataract surgery is performed under topical and intracameral anaesthesia with intravenous sedation. This guide covers all three anaesthesia options, what to expect during the procedure, how comorbidities affect the choice, and recovery.
Refractive lens exchange replaces the eye's natural lens to correct vision and eliminate the need for glasses. Learn who is suitable, how it differs from cataract surgery, and what lens options are available.
A detailed evidence-based guide to LASIK, PRK, and refractive lens exchange outcomes, success rates, suitable refractive errors, and how to choose between procedures. With referenced population data.
Corneal crosslinking is the only treatment proven to halt keratoconus progression. This guide covers accelerated epi-off CXL, how it compares to the Dresden protocol, clinical outcomes, what the procedure involves, and recovery.
Crosslinking stabilises keratoconus but does not correct vision. This guide covers the full management spectrum: contact lens options and the importance of trialling multiple types, CAIRS, DALK, and PKP, with referenced evidence.
Geographic atrophy is the advanced form of dry AMD. Two new TGA-approved treatments are now available in Australia: pegcetacoplan (Syfovre) and avacincaptad pegol (Izervay). Learn about eligibility, evidence, and what to expect.
The IOL you choose for cataract surgery affects how well you see for golf, tennis, reading, sewing, driving, and screen work. Learn how lifestyle and ocular health guide lens selection.
Macular degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss in Australians over 50. Learn about symptoms, the difference between dry and wet AMD, and current treatment options including intravitreal injections.
Blurred vision, glare at night, faded colours are common signs of cataracts. Learn when cataract surgery is recommended and what the assessment involves.
Most patients notice improved vision within 24 hours of cataract surgery. Learn what to expect in the days, weeks, and months after your procedure.
A clinical overview of cataract types, including nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular, traumatic, congenital, and Morgagnian cataracts, and how each affects vision and surgical planning.
How to prepare for cataract surgery and what to do after. Contact lens removal, eye drop protocols, follow-up appointments, and when to call your surgeon.
June is Cataract Awareness Month. If you have noticed changes in your vision, including blurring, glare, or difficulty in low light, here is when to seek a cataract assessment in Melbourne.
A clinical explanation of phacoemulsification, the ultrasound technique used in modern cataract surgery in Melbourne. How the procedure works, what happens in theatre, and what patients can expect.
A clinical guide to intraocular lens options for cataract surgery in Melbourne. Monofocal, toric, EDOF, and multifocal IOLs explained with guidance on patient selection.
Pterygium surgery with conjunctival autograft offers low recurrence and a reliable recovery. Dr MacIntyre explains the procedure, recovery, and how to reduce the risk of the pterygium coming back.
Understanding the difference between monofocal, toric, multifocal, and EDOF IOLs helps patients have a more informed conversation with their surgeon before cataract surgery.
Fuchs dystrophy follows a predictable course through early, intermediate, and advanced stages. Dr MacIntyre explains how each stage is recognised, diagnosed with Pentacam, and when DMEK surgery is the right choice.
Dry eye disease is the most common reason for poor vision after cataract surgery. Dr Ross MacIntyre explains how dry eye is assessed, treated, and managed before and after your operation.
Not everyone is suitable for LASIK. Dr Ross MacIntyre explains the key factors assessed during a laser vision correction consultation: corneal thickness, topography, prescription stability, and conditions that may exclude LASIK but allow PRK.
Multifocal, EDOF and toric intraocular lenses offer the possibility of spectacle independence after cataract surgery, but they come with trade-offs and additional cost. Dr Ross MacIntyre explains who benefits most.
Three laser vision correction procedures — LASIK, PRK, and SMILE — each with different approaches, recovery profiles, and ideal candidates. Dr Ross MacIntyre explains how to choose in 2026.
A 2026 guide to cataract surgery costs in Melbourne: what Medicare covers under MBS 42702, what private health insurance pays for the hospital, and the out-of-pocket cost for standard and premium IOLs.